The "Universal" Genetic Code
In form of codon, Left-Top-Right (ATG is Met)
|
T |
C |
A |
G |
|
T |
Phe |
Ser |
Tyr |
Cys |
T |
C |
Leu |
Ter |
Ter |
A |
Trp |
G |
C |
Leu |
Pro |
His |
Arg |
T |
C |
Gln |
A |
G |
A |
Ile |
Thr |
Asn |
Ser |
T |
C |
Lys |
Arg |
A |
Met |
G |
G |
Val |
Ala |
Asp |
Gly |
T |
C |
Glu |
A |
G |
A good reference on deviations from the "Universal" Code can be found in:
Recent
evidence for evolution of the genetic code.
Osawa S; Jukes; TH; Watnabe
K; Muto A
Microbiol Rev 56: 229-264 (1992)
Unless otherwise cited,
information below is from this reference
Non-canonical codes in eubacterial
genomes
- Micrococcus
luteus
- AGA = Not usable
- ATA = Not usable
- Kanoi
et al , J Mol Biol 230, 51-6 (1993)
- Mycoplasmas
and Spiroplasmas
- TGA = Trp Inamine
et al J Bacteriol 172: 504-506 (1990)
- CGG = Not usable Oba
et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 921-5 (1991)
Non-canonical codes in eukaryotic nuclear
genomes
Cilliates
Tourancheau
et al, EMBO J 14: 3262-3267 (1995)
- Tetrahymena,
Paramecium
- TAA = Gln
- TAG = Gln
Fungi
- Candida cylindrica
- CTG = Ser
Algae
- Acetabularia
- TAA = Gln
- TAG = Gln
Non-canonical codes in mitochondrial
genomes
|
TGA |
ATA |
AAA |
AGA |
AGG |
CAN |
TAA |
Citation |
Canonical |
Ter |
Ile |
Lys |
Arg |
Leu |
Ter |
Vertebrates |
Trp |
Met |
Lys |
Ter |
Leu |
Ter |
Arthropods |
Trp |
Met |
Lys |
Ser |
Arg |
Leu |
Ter |
Echinoderms |
Trp |
Ile |
Asn |
Ser |
Leu |
Ter |
Molluscs |
Trp |
Met |
Lys |
Ser |
Leu |
Ter |
Ascidians |
Trp |
Met |
Lys |
Gly |
Leu |
Ter |
[1] |
Nematodes |
Trp |
Met |
??? |
Ser |
??? |
??? |
Platyhelminths |
Trp |
Ile |
Asn |
Ser |
Leu |
Tyr? |
Yeasts |
Trp |
Met |
Lys |
Arg |
Thr |
Ter |
Euascomycetes |
Trp |
Ile |
Lys |
Arg |
Leu |
Ter |
Protozoans |
Trp |
Ile |
Lys |
Arg |
Leu |
Ter |
Citations:
- Yokobori
et al, J Mol Evol 36: 1-8 (1993)